GINA—Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008—prohibits discrimination based on genetic information and retaliation against those who complain about discrimination. When did GINA become effective?

• A. Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
• B. Genetic Privacy Act
• C. Genetic Information Protection Act
• D. Genetic Data Rights Act

Answer: (A)

GINA is the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, enacted in 2008. The option that names the actual law and the year—Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008—is the best choice because it directly identifies the statute involved in prohibiting discrimination based on genetic information and retaliation for complaints. The other options are not real statutes and don’t correspond to the law’s official name. While GINA was signed into law in 2008 (May 21, 2008), exam contexts often focus on recognizing the act and its year, rather than a specific later effective date for all provisions.